Added support to build debian package

[meetgandhi-dev]

Added logic to build debian package.

To build debian package:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake <CMAKE_OPIONS> ..
make package

Type

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue): Fixes #
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality). Resolves Add BUILD_DEBIAN_PACKAGE option for Debian package support #6982
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) Resolves #

Motivation and Context

This feature simplifies installation by allowing users to generate a Debian package directly through CMake, adhering to standard packaging conventions and enabling seamless integration with package management tools like apt. By streamlining the development workflow, we empower developers to focus on feature enhancement while encouraging community contributions and customisation. Overall, this initiative broadens our library's reach and strengthens its position within the open-source ecosystem, making it more user-friendly and accessible.

Checklist:

• I have run python util/check_style.py --apply to apply Open3D code style
  to my code.
• This PR changes Open3D behavior or adds new functionality.
  • Both C++ (Doxygen) and Python (Sphinx / Google style) documentation is
    updated accordingly.
  • I have added or updated C++ and / or Python unit tests OR included test
    results (e.g. screenshots or numbers) here.
• I will follow up and update the code if CI fails.
• For fork PRs, I have selected Allow edits from maintainers.

Description

Here is the summary of output:

Run CPack packaging tool...
CPack: Create package using TXZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: Open3D
CPack: - Install project: Open3D []
Directory '/home/einfochips/.local/share/mime/packages' does not exist!
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/einfochips/Open3D/build/package/open3d-devel-linux-x86_64-cxx11-abi-0.19.0+2eeb4921.tar.xz generated.
CPack: Create package using DEB
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: Open3D
CPack: - Install project: Open3D []
CPack: -   Install component: dev
Directory '/home/einfochips/.local/share/mime/packages' does not exist!
CPack: Create package
CPackDeb: - Generating dependency list
CPack: - package: /home/einfochips/Open3D/build/package/open3d-devel-linux-x86_64-cxx11-abi_0.19.0+2eeb4921_amd64.deb generated.

[update-docs]

Thanks for submitting this pull request! The maintainers of this repository would appreciate if you could update the CHANGELOG.md based on your changes.

[meetgandhi-dev]

@ssheorey
I have the following doubts that need clarification:

1. Is there a specific reason for setting the installation prefix to ~/open3d_install? Since we're building in the Docker container with the root user, the artifacts will be installed under /root/open3d_install. I would recommend using /opt or /usr/local as the installation prefix instead.

2. Why is the open3d-viewer package only created when static libraries are built? I believe it should work with the shared version as well.